Ph.D., Yale University, 1999

M.Phil., Yale University, 1997

M.A., Yale University, 1995

B.A., University of Pennsylvania, 1992

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC)

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Affiliations

Professor, UBC Department of Linguistics

Senior Researcher, Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT

Director, UBC Integrated Speech Research Laboratory (ISRL)

Co-director, UBC Language Sciences

Member, UBC Institute for Computing, Information & Cognitive Sciences

Associate Member: UBC Department of Psychology; UBC School of Audiology & Speech Sciences

My research and teaching interests focus mainly on understanding how the human body is used as a communication device. At the core of this embodied approach are the basic physical mechanisms of movement control and sensation and their interactions with communication, including speech production, perception, control, phonetics and phonology in normal, disordered, and children’s speech, signed languages, singing and other musical and emotional expression. More broadly, I am interested in how people interact with each other and their environment, and how this interaction can inform models of linguistic communication and movement control. Within this paradigm, some of my major research programs have focused on techniques for applying ultrasound imaging technology to speech research, protocols for studying haptic (tactile) and multimodal perception of speech, methods for observing aspects of speech motor behaviour such as planning and posture, and biomechanical simulation of speech (see www.artisynth.org).

Integrated Speech Research Lab

Note: these are publications through mid 2024 only. Please see my ResearchGate profile for more recent publications.

Books         

Gick, B., D. Derrick and I. Wilson. Articulatory Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell. 2013. Wiley-Blackwell Amazon.com Barnes and Noble

Lounsbury, F. G. and B. Gick. The Oneida Creation Story, as told by Demus Elm and Harvey Antone. Yorkshire Press and University of South Carolina Press (hardcover) and University of Nebraska Press (softcover). 2000. ISBN 978-0-8032-6742-8 (publisher’s book information)

Published articles, proceedings, etc.

2024

Derrick, D.†, Gick, B.†, Jermy, M. († indicates equal coauthorship). Human aeroecology. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2024. 12:1393400. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1393400 [40%]

Ting, L. H., Gick, B., Kesar, T. M., Xu, J. Ethnokinesiology: towards a neuromechanical understanding of cultural differences in movement. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 379(1911). 2024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0485 [25%]

Derrick, D., Mayer, C., Gick, B. Uniformity in Speech: The economy of reuse and adaptation across contexts. Glossa, 9(1). 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.11681

Liu, Y., Islam, J., Radford, K., Tkachman, O., Gick, B. Tonguedness in speech: Lateral bias in lingual bracing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America—Express Letters 4(2) 025203, 1-6. 2024. DOI: 10.1121/10.0024756

Gick, B. How Ultrasound Helped Crack Speech Posture. Invited keynote paper in I. Wilson, A. Mizoguchi, J. Perkins, J. Villegas, & N. Yamane (Eds.), Ultrafest XI: Extended Abstracts (pp. 3–7). University of Aizu. 2024. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12578650

Lisiecki, C., Cavaco, J., Choi, D., Graham, J., Lancaster, L., Islam, J., Gick, B. Register Shifts in Whistling: Investigating the Influence of Tongue Shape. Canadian Acoustics 52(1). 2024. Available from: https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/4191

Diep, B., Cho, S., Shamei, A., Gick, B., Liu, Y. Comparing Speech to Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Parkinson’s Disease. Canadian Acoustics 52(1). 2024. Available from: https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/4190

Purnomo, A., Xu, C., Maitinsky, M., Gick, B. Tongue Bracing Robustness Under Perturbation: The Moderating Effect of Language Experience. Canadian Acoustics 52(1). 2024. Available from: https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/4189

Shamei, A., Liu, X., Seiilova, R., Gick, B. Vowel space expansion following alcohol intoxication. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A168. 2024. (Published abstract) https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0027191

Shamei, A., Liu, X., Seiilova, R., Gick, B. Voice analysis for intoxication detection in laboratory versus law enforcement contexts. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A342. 2024. (Published abstract). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0027759

Islam, J., Wong, V., Choi, D., Gick, B. Location of constriction in velar sounds in French. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A312. 2024. (Published abstract). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0027621

Nozadi, H., Irwin, E., Cheung, J., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Comparing face-tracking action units with electromyography during speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A339. 2024. (Published abstract). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0027743

Diebel, J. O., Gick, B., Islam, J., Weinstein, J. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of velopharyngeal port posture during long pauses in naturalistic speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A339. 2024. (Published abstract). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0027745

Ibikunle, A., Maitinsky, M., Purnomo, A., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Tongue bracing robustness under perturbation: Comparison of L1 versus L2 speech with and without bite-block. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A274. 2024. (Published abstract)

Lancaster, L.A., Choi, D., Cavaco, J., Lisiecki, C., Islam, J., Gick, B. Register shifts in whistling: Investigating the influence on tongue shaping and gender-related variances. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155. A315. 2024. (Published abstract).

2023

Easthope, E.†, Shamei, A.†, Liu, Y., Gick, B.†† and Fels, S.†† († and †† indicate equal coauthorship). Cortical control of posture in fine motor skills: evidence from inter-utterance rest position. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, section Motor Neuroscience. Research Topic: The Relationship Between Neural Circuitry and Biomechanical Action, Volume II. 17:1139569. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1139569. 2023.

Shamei, A., Sóskuthy, M., Stavness, I., Gick, B. Postural adaptation to microgravity underlies fine motor impairment in astronauts’ speech. Scientific Reports 13, 8231. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34854-w

Shamei, A., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Reduction of vowel space in Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Express Letters 3(3). 2023. doi: 10.1121/10.0017438

de Boer, G., Islam, J., Purnomo, C., Wu, L., Gick, B. Revisiting the nasal continuum hypothesis: A study of French nasals in continuous speech. Journal of Phonetics 98, 101244. 2023.

Bliss, H., Bird, S., Gick, B. Articulatory Phonetics. In C. Dagostino, M. Mithun & K. Rice (eds.). The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. Ch 2, pp. 41-63. Mouton De Gruyter. 2023.

Purnomo, A., Liu, Y., Ebbutt, N., Gick, B. Triggering and maintenance of tongue bracing posture in multi-syllable sequences. In Radek Skarnitzl & Jan Volín (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Guarant International. 1172-1176. 2023.

Ma, C., Kao, E., Kitamura, R., Wang, S., Islam, J., De Boer, G. & Gick, B. Relations between Opinion Convergence, Acoustic Convergence and Movement Convergence in Interlocutors. In Proceedings of the Hanyang International Symposium on Phonetics and Cognitive Sciences of Language, 62-63. 2023. ISBN 979-11-983259-0-7

Shamei, A., Gick, B. Vowel articulation in closed-skull concussion patients with no language impairment. Canadian Acoustics 51(3). 2023.

Liu, Y., Hung, K., Villasenor, M., Colcleugh, S., Gick, B. Timing of Perioral Muscle Suppression in Smiled Speech. Canadian Acoustics 51(3): 206-207. 2023.

Islam, J., Gick, B. Size of velopharyngeal opening and nasality measurements from acoustic features. Canadian Acoustics 51(3). 2023.

Ma, C., Islam, J., Kao, E., Kitamura, R., Wang, S., Maitinsky, M., and Gick, B. Acoustic variation in speech: Contrasting initial and later stages of conversations showing opinion convergence and divergence. Canadian Acoustics 51(3): 212-213. 2023.

Tkachman, O., Hsu, S., Samarskaya, M., Zhao, C., Gick, B. Sign Language Handshapes, Similarly to Speech Sounds, Exploit Biomechanical Endpoints. Canadian Acoustics 51(3): 32-33. 2023.

Azreen, J., Mayer, C., Liu, Y., Shamei, A., Stavness, I., Gick, B. Biomechanical Simulation of Lateral Asymmetry in Tongue Bracing. Canadian Acoustics 51(3): 196-197. 2023.

Bengtson, G., Massing, E., Zhao, C., Samarskaya, M., Islam, J., Gick, B. Tongue Adjustments in the Chest-Head Register Transition of Operatic Singers. Canadian Acoustics 51(3): 216-217. 2023.

Walter, M., Bengtson, G., Maitinsky, M., Islam, M.J., Gick, B. Dialect Perception in Song versus Speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154 (4, Pt. 2): A161. 2023. (Published abstract).

Bengtson, G., Moniz, A., Samarskaya, M., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Robustness of Lateral Tongue Bracing in Second Language Speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154 (4, Pt. 2): A245. 2023. (Published abstract).

Maitinsky, M., Walter, M., Cardoso, A., Islam, M.J., Gick, B. The effect of perceived human-likeness on voice-user interface–directed speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154 (4, Pt. 2): A160. 2023. (Published abstract).

Islam, M.J., Gick, B. Location and size of constriction in labiovelar, velar, and uvular sounds in French. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154 (4, Pt. 2): A207. 2023. (Published abstract).

2022

Liu, Y., Luo, S., Łuszczuk, M., Mayer, C., Shamei, A., de Boer, G., Gick, B. Robustness of lateral tongue bracing under bite block perturbation. Phonetica, 79(6), 523-549. 2022.

Liu, Y. Tong, F., de Boer, G., Gick, B. Lateral tongue bracing as a universal postural basis for speech. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1-16. 2022.

Ebbutt, N., Liu, Y., Purnomo, A., Purnomo, C., Hung, K., Gick, B. Initiation and maintenance of lingual bracing posture. Canadian Acoustics 50(3): 96-97. 2022.

Purnomo, A., Ebbutt, N., Purnomo, C., Islam, J., de Boer, G., Gick, B. Comparing velum velocity in Québécois French nasals. Canadian Acoustics 50(3): 98-99. 2022.

Hung, K., Liu, Y., Purnomo, C., Gick, B. Timing of smile suppression during the articulation of labials in smiled speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152 (4, Pt. 2), A287. 2022. (Published abstract).

Ebbutt, N., Hung, K., Ivok, M., Purnomo, C., Samir, F., de Boer, G. and Gick, B. Effect of speech-related smile suppression on emotional valence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151 (4, Pt. 2), A63. 2022. (Published abstract).

Liu, Y. and Gick, B. Triggering and spreading of lateral tongue posture. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151 (4, Pt. 2), A63. 2022. (Published abstract).

Islam, J., de Boer, G., Gick, B. Speed of velum movement during nasal segments and rest intervals: A cineradiographic study of French and English speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151 (4, Pt. 2), A64. 2022. (Published abstract).

Yu, K., Liu, Y., Shamei, A., Gick, B. Word and phrase duration in Mandarin-speaking individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151 (4, Pt. 2), A46. 2022. (Published abstract).

Shamei, A., Zhang, S., Luntzlara, N., Zhou, Y., Frazier, S., deBoer, G., Gick, B. Facial posture as a phonetic prime for memory retrieval. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151 (4, Pt. 2), A279. 2022. (Published abstract).

2021

Derrick, D., Gick, B. Gait change in tongue movement. Scientific Reports 11, 16565. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96139-4

Chiu, C., Gick, B. Auditory startle disrupts speech production. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 47(2): 167-183. 2021.

Shamei, A., Sullivan, P. R., Liu, Y., Abdul-Mageed, M., Gick, B. Automated detection of cannabis-intoxication from speech. Canadian Acoustics 49(2). 2021. Available from: https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/3405

Tkachman, O., Purnomo, G. and Gick, B. Repetition preferences in two-handed balanced signs: vestigial locomotor central pattern generators shape sign language phonetics and phonology. Frontiers in Communication: Language Science. 28 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.612973

Mohapatra, D. R., Saha, P., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Fels, S. Vocal tract area function extraction using ultrasound for articulatory speech synthesis. Proceedings of the 11th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW 11), 90-95. 2021. doi: 10.21437/SSW.2021-16

Liu, Y., Chan, T., Purnomo, G. and Gick, B. Talking while smiling: Suppression in an embodied model of coarticulation. In M. Tiede, D. H. Whalen & V. Gracco (Eds.) Proceedings of the 12th International Seminar on Speech Production. Haskins Press: New Haven, CT. 130-133. 2021.

Shamei, A., Gick, B. The effects of microgravity on tongue height. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 50-51. 2021.

Mayer, C., Chiu, C., Gick, B. Biomechanical simulation of lip compression and spreading. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 38-39. 2021.

Purnomo, C. Y., Wu, L., de Boer, G., Islam, J., Gick, B. The contextual effects of nasal vowels on velopharyngeal opening in Quebecois French. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 46-47. 2021.

Murray, J. A., Wang, M., Islam, J., de Boer, G., Gick, B. The effect of place of articulation on the extent of velopharyngeal opening in Quebecois French nasal consonants. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 40-41. 2021.

Kang, E. H., Liu, Y., Purnomo, A., Wang, M., Gick, B. Speaking Versus Smiling: The Labiodentalization of Bilabials in Korean. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 36-37. 2021.

Purnomo, G., Farr, C., Purnomo, C., Ebbutt, N., Cardoso, A., Gick, B. Speaker Accommodations towards VUI Voices on the dimensions of Voice Onset Time and Pitch Range. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 48-49. 2021.

Farr, C., Purnomo, G., Cardoso, A., Shamei, A., Gick, B. Speaker accommodations and VUI voices: Does human-likeness of a voice matter? In Proceedings of the XVIIth Conference of Associazione Italiana di Scienze della Voce, p. 63-64. 2021.

Liu, Y., Shamei, A., Wu, L., Gick, B. Prosodic differences in Mandarin speakers with Alzheimer’s disease. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics. 49(3): 54-55. 2021.

Wu, L., Liu, Y., Purnomo, C., Purnomo, G., Wang, M., & Gick, B. Labiodentalization of bilabial stops in spontaneous English smiled speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150 (4, Pt. 2), A189. 2021. (Published abstract).

Islam, J., de Boer, G. Gick, B. Velopharyngeal opening in French speech: A bigger picture. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150 (4, Pt. 2), A189. 2021. (Published abstract).

Ebbutt, N., Shamei, A., Purnomo, C., & Gick, B. Prosodic characteristics of English speakers with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150 (4, Pt. 2), A274. 2021. (Published abstract).

Kang, E., Wu, L., Wang, M., Brady, A., Purnomo, G., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Labiodentalization of Korean bilabials. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149(4), A54-A55. 2021. (Published abstract).

2020

Gick, B., Mayer, C., Chiu, C., Widing, E., Roewer-Despres, F., Fels, S., & Stavness, I. Quantal biomechanical effects in speech postures of the lips. Journal of Neurophysiology. In press.

Liu, Y., Shamei, A., Chow, U.Y., Soo, R., Mora, G.M.P., de Boer, G., Gick, B. F0-related head movement in blind versus sighted speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148: EL190. 2020.

Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Microtonal variation in sung Cantonese. Phonetica. 77(2): 83-106. 2020.

Bliss, H., Bird, S. and Gick, B. Articulatory Phonetics. In C. Jany, M. Mithun & K. Rice (eds.). Handbook of Languages and Linguistics of North America.Mouton De Gruyter. In press.

Saha, P., Liu, Y., Gick, B. and Fels, S. Ultra2Speech – A Deep Learning Framework for Formant Frequency Estimation and Tracking from Ultrasound Tongue Images. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). Pp. 473-482. Springer. arXiv:2006.16367v1. 2020. [this paper won the MICCAI 2020 Young Scientist Award].

Liu, Y., Saha, P., Gick, B. Visual Feedback and Self-monitoring in Speech Learning via Hand Movement. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148(4), 2765. 2020. (Published abstract).

Farr, C., Liu, Y., Gick, B. Users’ head movement obtained from avatars in social VR applications. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148(4), 2764. 2020. (Published abstract).

de Boer, G., Derrick, D., Schellenberg, M., Gick, B. Laryngeal-acoustic relations in smiled speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148(4), 2581. 2020. (Published abstract).

Islam, J., de Boer, G., Lo, C., Smith, H., Tse, E., Gick, B. X-ray analysis of velum movement in continuous speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148(4), 2580. 2020. (Published abstract).

Shamei, A., Gick, B. The effect of virtual reality environments on auditory memory. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148(4), 2498. 2020. (Published abstract).

2019

Anderson, P., Fels, S., Stavness, I., Pearson, W., Gick, B. Intravelar and extravelar portions of soft palate muscles in velic constrictions: a three-dimensional modeling study. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research62(4): 802-814. 2019.

Radford, K., Taylor, R., Hall, J. and Gick, B. Aerodigestive and communicative behaviors in anencephalic and hydranencephalic infants. Birth Defects Research111(2). 41-52. 2019.

Derrick, D., Bicevskis, K., and Gick, B. Visual-tactile speech perception and the autism quotient. Frontiers in Communication: Language Science. 3. 2019. DOI=10.3389/fcomm.2018.00061. (published article)

Keough, M., Derrick, D. and Gick, B. Cross-modal effects in speech perception. Annual Review of Linguistics5: 49-66. 2019. doi: 10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012353. (article at publisher’s website)

Gick, B., Schellenberg, M., Stavness, I. and Taylor, R. Articulatory Phonetics. In W. F. Katz & P. Assmann (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Phonetics. Ch 5. New York: Taylor & Francis. 2019. (Author’s pre-publication manuscript)*

Gick, B., Mayer, C. Simulating tonic activations in speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America146(4). 3086-3087. 2019.

Goyal, H., Saha, P., Gick, B., Fels, S. EEG-to-F0: Establishing artificial neuro-muscular pathway for kinematics-based fundamental frequency control. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics47(3), 112-113. 2019.

Liu,Y., Saha, P., Shamei, A., Gick, B., Fels, S. Mapping a continous vowel space to hand gestures. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada 2019. Canadian Acoustics 47(3), 103-104.2019.

Gick, B., Shamei, A. Effects of Outer Space on Vowel Space. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada 2019. Canadian Acoustics 47(3).110-111. 2019.

Purnomo, G., Mellesmoen, G., Shamei, A., Gick, B. Production study of Spanish spirantization in naturalistic speech. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada 2019. Canadian Acoustics 47(3).90-91. 2019.

Gick, B. How bodies talk. In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain & P. Warren (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 20-24). Canberra, Australia: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Assoc. Inc. 2019.

Keough, M., Derrick, D., Taylor, R.C., Gick, B. Learning effects in multimodal perception with real and simulated faces. In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain & P. Warren (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 1189-1192). Canberra, Australia: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Assoc. Inc. 2019.

Gick, B., Chiu, C., Widing, E., Roewer-Despres, F., Mayer, C., Fels, S.S., Stavness, I. Quantal biomechanical effects in speech postures of the lips. In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain & P. Warren (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 1749-1753). Canberra, Australia: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Assoc. Inc. 2019.

Wong, E. Y.-T., Schellenberg, M., Gick, B. Acceptability judgments of variations in tone representation in Cantonese songs. In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain & P. Warren (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 3862-3866). Canberra, Australia: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Assoc. Inc. 2019.

2018

Bliss, H., Abel, J. and Gick, B. Computer-Assisted Visual Articulation Feedback in L2 Pronunciation Instruction: A Review. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 4(1). 129-153. 2018.*

Johnson, K. A., Mellesmoen, G. M., Lo, R. Y-H. and Gick, B. Prior pronunciation knowledge bootstraps word learning. Frontiers in Communication: Language Science 3. 2018. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2018.00001 (published article)*

Bliss, H., Bird, S., Cooper, P. A., Burton, S. and Gick, B. Seeing Speech: Ultrasound-based Multimedia Resources for Pronunciation Learning in Indigenous Languages. Language Documentation & Conservation 12. 315–338. 2018.*

Bird, S. and Gick, B. Ultrasound biofeedback in pronunciation teaching and learning. Proceedings of the 2^ndInternational Symposium on Applied Phonetics. Aizu, Japan: University of Aizu. 6pp. 2018.

de Vries, J., Stavness, I., Fels, S. S. and Gick, B. Speech-like movements emerge from simulated perioral muscle activation space without neural control. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Chan, T., Taylor, R. C. and Gick, B. Coarticulation of speech and smile movements. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Taylor, R. C., Prica, D., Wong, E. Y. T., Keough, M. and Gick, B. Perceiving prosodic prominence via unnatural visual information in avatar communication. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Keough, M., Taylor, R. C., Wong, E. Y. T., Prica, D.  and Gick, B. Perceiving visible speech articulations in virtual reality. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Liu, Y., Keough, M., Tong, F., Tkachman, O., Radford, K., and Gick, B. Lateral bias in lingual bracing during speech. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Mayer, C., Stavness, I. and Gick, B. A biomechanical model for infant speech and aerodigestive movements. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Liu, Y., Tong, F., Choi, D. and Gick, B. Cross-linguistic bracing: analyzing vertical tongue movement. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Luo, S., Liu, Y, Shamei, A., Schellenberg, M., Luszczuk, M. and Gick, B. Tongue bracing under bite block perturbation. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Chang, C., Keough, M., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Visual-aerotactile perception and hearing loss. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Tkachman, O., Purnomo, G. and Gick, B. Cyclic movement primitives underlying two-handed alternating signs in signed languages. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Marino, D., Elbaggari, H., Chu, T. H., Gick, B. and MacLean, K. Single-channel vibrotactile feedback for voicing enhancement in trained and untrained perceivers. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Chu, T. H., Marino, D., Elbaggari, H., Gick, B. and MacLean, K. Testing symmetry of temporal window of integration in vibrotactile and auditory speech information on phoneme perception. Canadian Acoustics. 2pp. 2018.

Kwan, S., Keough, M., Taylor, R. C., Chan, T., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. The stability of visual–aerotactile effects across multiple presentations of a single token. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1798. 2018. (published abstract).

de Vries, J., Stavness, I., Fels, S. S. and Gick, B. Speech-like movements emerge from simulated peri-oral muscle activation space without neural control. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1901. 2018. (published abstract).

Chan, T., Taylor, R. C., Wong, E. Y. T. and Gick, B. Coarticulation of speech and smile movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1903-1904. 2018. (published abstract).

Taylor, R. C., Prica, D., Keough, M. and Gick, B. Perceiving prosodic prominence via unnatural visual information in avatar communication. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1799. 2018. (published abstract).

Keough, M., Taylor, R. C., Prica, D., Wong, E. Y. T. and Gick, B. Perceiving audiovisual speech articulation in virtual reality. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1799. 2018. (published abstract).

Gick, B., Keough, M., Tkachman, O. and Liu, Y. Lateral bias in lingual bracing during speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1903. 2018. (published abstract).

Mayer, C., Stavness, I. and Gick, B. A biomechanical model for infant speech and aerodigestive movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1963. 2018. (published abstract).

Tong, F., Liu, Y., Choi, D., Keough, M. and Gick, B. Cross-linguistic lateral bracing: an ultrasound study. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1903. 2018. (published abstract).

Łuszczuk, M., Schellenberg, M., Liu, Y. and Gick, B. Tongue bracing under bite block perturbation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1903. 2018. (published abstract).

Chang, C., Keough, M., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Visual-aerotactile perception and congenital hearing loss. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1968. 2018. (published abstract).

Tkachman, O., Purnomo, G. and Gick, B. Cyclic movement primitives underlying two-handed alternating signs in signed language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1838-1839. 2018. (published abstract).

Marino, D., Elbaggari, H., Chu, T. H., Gick, B. and MacLean, K. Single-channel vibrotactile feedback for voicing enhancement in trained and untrained perceivers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1799. 2018. (published abstract).

Chu, T. H., Marino, D., Elbaggari, H., Gick, B. and MacLean, K. Testing symmetry of temporal window of integration between vibrotactile and auditory speech information in voiced phoneme perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, No. 3, Pt. 2: 1799. 2018. (published abstract).

2017

Mayer, C., Roewer­Despres, F., Stavness, I., Gick, B. Do innate stereotypies serve as a basis for swallowing and learned speech movements? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40. 2017. doi:10.1017/S0140525X16001928 (author’s pre-publication manuscript)*

Gick, B., Allen, B., Roewer-Despres, F. and Stavness, I. Speaking tongues are actively braced. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 2017. doi:10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0141 (author’s pre-publication manuscript)*

Moisik, S. & Gick, B. The quantal larynx: The stable regions of laryngeal biomechanics and implications for speech production. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 2017. doi:10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-16-0019 (publisher’s full article PDF download)*

Bliss, H., Johnson, K., Burton, S., Yamane, N., and Gick, B. Using Multimedia Resources to Integrate Ultrasound Visualization for Pronunciation Instruction into Postsecondary Language Classes. Journal of Linguistics and Language Teaching 8(2) 2017.*

Bliss, H. and Gick, B. Blackfoot final vowels: What variation and its absence can tell us about communicative goals. Univ. of Pennsylvania Papers in Linguistics. 23(2): 39-47. 2017. http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol23/iss2/6*

Keough, M., Taylor, R., Derrick, D., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Sensory integration from an impossible source: Perceiving simulated faces. Canadian Acoustics, 45(3): 176-177. 2017.

Jones, C., Schellenberg, M., Gick, B. Indie-pop voice: How a pharyngeal/retracted articulatory setting may be driving a new singing style. Canadian Acoustics, 45(3): 180-181. 2017.

Cheng, L., Schellenberg, M., and Gick, B. Cross-linguistic bracing: A lingual ultrasound study of six languages. Canadian Acoustics, 45(3): 186-187. 2017.

Stavness, I., Widing, E., Roewer-Despres, F. & Gick, B. Computer simulation of the vocal tract in speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, No. 5, Pt. 2: 3647. 2017.

2016

Gick, B. Ecologizing dimensionality: prospects for a modular theory of speech production. Ecological Psychology. 28, 176-181. 2016. DOI:10.1080/10407413.2016.1195195 (publisher’s article)*

Bicevskis, K., Derrick, D. and Gick, B. Visual-tactile integration in speech perception: evidence for modality-neutral speech primitives. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 140, 3531-3539. 2016. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4965968
The above article may be found at: published article* Copyright (2016) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. 

Budd, A., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Effects of cosmetic tongue bifurcation on English fricative production. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 2016. DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2016.1255782 (publisher’s article) *

Bicevskis, K., de Vries, J., Green, L., Heim, J., Božic, J., D’Aquisto, J., Fry, M., Sadlier-Brown, E., Tkachman, O., Yamane, N. and Gick, B. Effects of mouthing and interlocutor presence on movements of visible vs. non-visible articulators. Canadian Acoustics 44(1) 17-24. 2016. (publisher’s abstract)(publisher’s full text) *

Anderson, P., Fels, S., Stavness, I. and Gick, B. Intrinsic and extrinsic portions of soft palate muscles in velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal constriction: A 3D modeling study. Canadian Acoustics 44(4). To appear. (author’s pre-publication manuscript)

Abel, J., H. Bliss, M. Noguchi, M. Schellenberg, N. Yamane, and B. Gick. Comparing instructional reinforcements in phonetics pedagogy. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Applied Phonetics. Nagoya, Japan. 2016 (author’s pre-publication manuscript).

Bliss, H., Burton, S. and Gick, B. Ultrasound overlay videos and their application in indigenous language learning and revitalization. Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 136-137. 2016.

Cheng, L., Doe, T., Lew, D., Henderson, M., Schellenberg, M. and Gick, B. Dental overjet, articulatory compensation and acoustics of speech. Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 204-205. 2016. (publisher’s full article PDF download)

Fels, S. and Gick, B. Interdisciplinary Approaches for Advancing Articulatory Speech Theory and Synthesis. Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 21-22. 2016. (publisher’s full article PDF download)

Keough, M., Kandhadai, P., Werker, J. and Gick, B. Audio-aerotactile integration in speech perception (abstract). Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 202. 2016. (publisher’s abstract)

Mayer C., Roewer-Despres F., Stavness I. and Gick, B. Does swallowing bootstrap speech learning? Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 194-195. 2016.

Rowell, J., Noguchi, M., Bernhardt, B.M., Herdman, A.T., Gick, B. and Schellenberg, M. Schlieren study of external airflow during the production of nasal and oral vowels in French. Canadian Acoustics 44(3). 206-207. 2016. (publisher’s full text)

2015

Derrick, D., Stavness, I., and Gick, B. Three speech sounds, one motor action: evidence for speech-motor disparity from English flap production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 137, 1493-1502. 2015. doi: 10.1121/1.4906831.
The above article may be found at: (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text) *
Copyright (2015) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America.

Budd, A., Schellenberg, M., and Gick, B. Effects of cosmetic tongue bifurcation on English fricative production. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS). Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. Paper Number 0986. August 2015. *

Chiu, C., and Gick, B. Decoupling Functional Units in Speech Production Using Auditory Startle. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS). Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. Paper Number 0966. August 2015. *

Gick, B. Towards an Embodied and Embedded Phonetics. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS). Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. Paper Number 1046. August 2015. *

Nair, A., Schellenberg, M., and Gick. B. A Case Study on the Efficacy of Ultrasound Biofeedback in Voice Pedagogy. In The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015 (Ed.), Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS). Glasgow, UK: the University of Glasgow. Paper number 0898. August 2015. *

Abel, J., Allen, B., Burton, S., Kazama, M., Noguchi, M., Tsuda, A., Yamane, N., and Gick, B. Ultrasound-Enhanced Multimodal Approaches to Pronunciation Teaching and Learning. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics 43(3). 124-125. 2015. (publisher’s full text)

Keough, M., A. Ozburn, E. K. McClay, M. D. Schwan, M. Schellenberg, S. Akinbo, and B. Gick. Acoustic and articulatory qualities of smiled speech. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics 43(3). 2015. (publisher’s full text)

Xavier, A., O. Tkachman, and B. Gick. Towards convergence of methods for speech and sign segmentation. Proceedings of Acoustics Week in Canada. Canadian Acoustics 43(3). 122-123. 2015. (publisher’s full text)

Gick, B. and S. Moisik. Quantal Biomechanics in an Embodied Phonetics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 137(4). 2301. 2015. (published abstract)

Akinbo, S., T. J. Heins, M. Keough, E. K. McClay, A. Ozburn, M. D. Schwan, M. Schellenberg, J. de Vries, and B. Gick. Smiled speech in a context-invariant model of coarticulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 137(4): 2304. 2015. (published abstract)

2014

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Accommodation of end-state comfort reveals subphonemic planning in speech. Phonetica. 71, 183-200. 2014. doi: 10.1159/000369630. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text) *

Chiu, C. and B. Gick. Pitch planning in speech production: Evidence from startle-elicited responses. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 136, EL 322-328. 2014. doi: 10.1121/1.4896405.  (publisher’s article) *

Chiu, C. and B. Gick. Startling speech: Eliciting prepared speech using startling auditory stimulus. Frontiers in Psychology: Cognitive Science. 5, 1082. 2014. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01082. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text) *

Howson, P., E. Komova and B. Gick. Czech trills revisited: An ultrasound, EGG and acoustic study. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 44(2), 115 – 132. 2014. doi: 10.1017/S0025100313000339. (publisher’s abstract) (full text) *

Stevenson, A., C. Chiu, D. Maslovat, R. Chua, B. Gick and I. M. Franks. Cortical involvement in the StartReact effect. Neuroscience, 269(6), 21 – 34. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.041. (publisher’s abstract) (full text: NOTICE: this is the authors’ version of a work that was accepted for publication in Neuroscience. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Neuroscience, 269, (2014)) *

Gick, B., P. Anderson, H. Chen, C. Chiu, H. B. Kwon, I. Stavness, L. Tsou, S. Fels. Speech function of the oropharyngeal isthmus: A modeling study. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization. 2(4), 217 – 222. 2014. doi: 10.1080/21681163.2013.851627. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text) *

2013

Gick, B and I. Stavness. Modularizing speech. Frontiers in Psychology: Cognitive Science. 4, 977. 2013. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00977. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text) *

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Aerotactile Integration from Distal Skin Stimuli. Multisensory Research 26, 405 – 416. 2013. doi:10.1163/22134808-00002427. (PMC full text) (publisher’s article Acknowledgement: Published by Brill in Multisensory Research.) *

Wilson, I. and B. Gick. Bilinguals use language-specific articulatory settings. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 57, 361 – 372. 2013. doi: 10.1044/2013_JSLHR-S-12-0345. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract) (full text NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 57, (2013)) *

Scott, M., H. Yeung, B. Gick and J. Werker. Inner speech captures the perception of external speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 133(4), EL286 – EL292. 2013. doi: 10.1121/1.4794932. (publisher’s article) *

Gick, B, N. Francis, A. Klenin, E. Mizrahi and D. Tom. The velic traverse: An independent oral articulator? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133(3), EL208 – EL213. 2013. doi: 10.1121/1.4792255. (publisher’s article)*

Mayer, C., B. Gick, T. Weigel and D. H. Whalen. Perceptual integration of visual evidence of the airstream from aspirated stops. Canadian Acoustics, 41(3), 23 – 27. 2013. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.17.3.816 (publisher’s article) (PMC full text)*

Stolar, S. and B. Gick. An index for quantifying tongue curvature. Canadian Acoustics 41(1), 11 – 15. 2013. (publisher’s article)*

Gick, B., Stavness, I. and Chiu, C. Coarticulation in a whole event model of speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America – Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Volume 19, pp. 060207, 4 pages (abstract also appears in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5): 3569). 2013.
The above article may be found at: (published text)* Copyright (2013) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America.

Chiu, C. and Gick, B. Producing whole speech events: Anticipatory lip compression in bilabial stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America – Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, pp. 060252, 5 pages (abstract also appears in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5): 3604). 2013.
The above article may be found at:(published text)* Copyright (2013) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America.

Moisik, S. and Gick, B. The quantal larynx revisited. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America – Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, pp. 060163, 8 pages (abstract also appears in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5): 3522). 2013. *

Gick, B., Allen, B., Stavness, I. and Wilson, I. Speaking tongues are always braced. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134(5):4204. DOI:10.1121/1.4831431. 2013. (published abstract)

Kanada, S., Wilson, I., Gick, B., Erickson, D. Coarticulatory effects of lateral tongue bracing in first and second language English speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134(5):4244. DOI:10.1121/1.4831608. 2013. (published abstract)

2012

Mayer, C. and B. Gick. Talking while chewing: Speaker response to natural perturbation of speech. Phonetica 69. 109 – 123. 2012. doi:10.1159/000336117 (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract) *

Stavness, I., B. Gick, D. Derrick and S. S. Fels. Biomechanical modeling of English /r/ variants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131(5), EL355 – 360. 2012. doi: 10.1121/1.3695407. (publisher’s article) (PMC abstract) *

Gick, B., H. Bliss, K. Michelson and B. Radanov. Articulation without acoustics: “Soundless” vowels in Oneida and Blackfoot. Journal of Phonetics, 40(1). 46 – 53. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2011.09.002. (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B., Chiu, C., Flynn, C., Stavness, I., Francis, N. and Fels, S. Producing whole speech events: Differential facial stiffness across the labial stops. Proceedings of Acoustics 2012 Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics (HKIOA). Paper 2pSC1, 6pp. 2012. [abstract also appears in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, 4, Pt. 2: 197. 2012.] publisher’s abstract*

Gick, B. From quantal biomechanics to whole events: Toward a multidimensional model for emergent language. Canadian Acoustics. 40(3), 24-25. 2012. (publisher’s abstract) (publisher’s full text)

Francis, N., J. Ma and B. Gick. Aerotactile acuity as a predictor of sibilant contrast. Canadian Acoustics. 40(3), 22-23. 2012. (publisher’s article)

Derrick, D. and Gick, B. Speech rate influences categorical variation of English flaps and taps during normal speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, 4, Pt. 2: 197. 2012. (publisher’s abstract)

2011

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Individual variation in English flaps and taps: A case of categorical phonetics. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 56(3), 307 – 319. 2011. doi: 10.1353/cjl.2011.0024. (publisher’s abstract) *

Ajiboye, O., R-M. Déchaine, B. Gick and D. Pulleyblank. Disambiguating Yorùbá tones: At the interface between syntax, morphology, phonology and phonetics. Lingua 21, 1631 – 1648. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2011.05.008. (publisher’s abstract) (full text NOTICE: this is the authors’ version of a work that was accepted for publication in Lingua. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Lingua, 21 (2011)) *

Stavness, I., B. Gick, D. Derrick and S. S. Fels. Biomechanical modeling of English /r/ variants. Proceedings of the 9th International Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP), 211-218. 2011. (published full text) *

Gick, B., I. Stavness, C. Chiu and S. S. Fels. Categorical variation in lip posture is determined by quantal biomechanical-articulatory relations. Canadian Acoustics 39(3). 178-179. 2011. (publisher’s full text PDF download)

Howson, P., E. Komova and B. Gick. EGG study of Czech phoneme /ř/. Canadian Acoustics 39(3). 2011. (publisher’s full text)

Yamane, N., B. Gick & D. Pulleyblank. Pharyngeal /h/ in Japanese. Canadian Acoustics 39(3). 2011. (publisher’s full text)

Howson, P., E. Komova and B. Gick. Ultrasound analysis of the Czech phoneme /r/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, 4, Pt. 2: 2453. 2011. (publisher’s abstract)

Francis, N. C., A. Klenin, E. Mizrahi, D. C. Tom and B. Gick. The palatoglossal sphincter in French uvular /r/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, 4, Pt. 2: 2453. 2011. (publisher’s abstract)

Scott, M. and B. Gick. Efference copy and the Mann effect. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, 4, Pt. 2: 2658-2659. 2011. (publisher’s abstract)

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Subphonemic planning across syllable and word boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, 4, Pt. 2: 2455. 2011. (publisher’s abstract)

Chiu, C., A. Stevenson, D. Maslovat, R. Chua, B. Gick and I. Franks. Feed-forward control of phonetic gestures in consonant-vowel syllables: Evidence from responses to auditory startle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, 4, Pt. 2: 2455. 2011. (publisher’s abstract)

2010

Gick, B., Y. Ikegami and D. Derrick. The temporal window of audio-tactile integration in speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128(5), EL342 – EL346. 2010. doi: 10.1121/1.3505759. (publisher’s article) *

Campbell, F., B. Gick, I. Wilson and E. Vatikiotis-Bateson. Spatial and temporal properties of gestures in North American English /r/. Language and Speech 53(1), 49-69. 2010. doi: 10.1177/0023830909351209. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC full text NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Language and Speech. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Language and Speech, 53(1), (2010))*

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Full body aero-tactile integration in speech perception. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2010). Makuhari, Chiba, Japan. 122-125. 2010. *

Mayer, C., B. Gick, T. Weigel and D. H. Whalen. Perceptual Effects of Visual Evidence of the Airstream. Canadian Acoustics 38(3), 126 – 127. 2010. (publisher’s article)

Derrick, D., Gick, B. and I. Stavness. Two phonological segments, one motor event: Evidence for speech-motor disparity from English flap production. Canadian Acoustics. 38(3). 128-129. 2010. (publisher’s full text)

Yamane, N. and B. Gick. Speaker-specific place of articulation: Idiosyncratic targets for Japanese coda nasal. Canadian Acoustics. 38(3). 136-137. 2010. (publisher’s full text)

2009

Gick, B. and D. Derrick. Aero-tactile integration in speech perception. Nature 462, 502 – 504. 2009. (publisher’s abstract)*

Derrick, D., P. Anderson, B. Gick and S. Green. Characteristics of air puffs produced in English ‘pa’: Data and simulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125(4), 2272 – 2281. 2009. doi: 10.1121/1.3081496 (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B. Interlocution, an Overview. In Szakay, A., Mayer, C., Rogers, B., Gick, B. & Dunham, J. (eds.) Interlocution: Linguistic structure and human interaction. UBC Working Papers in Linguistics 24. July 2009. (website – contains link to access free)*

Szakay, A., C. Mayer, B. Rogers, B. Gick, B. and J. Dunham. (eds.) Interlocution: Linguistic structure and human interaction. UBC Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol 24. July 2009. (link to page with free access to copy)

Mayer, C., Gick, B. and E. Ferch. Talking while chewing: Speaker response to natural perturbation of speech. Canadian Acoustics. 37(3). 144-145. 2009. (publisher’s abstract) (publisher’s full text)

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. 2009. End-state comfort governs kinematic variation in English flap/tap sequences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2009.
The above article may be found at: (publisher’s abstract)(publisher’s full text PDF download) Copyright (2009) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America.

2008

Bird, S., M. Caldecott, F. Campbell, B. Gick and P. Shaw. Oral-laryngeal timing in glottalised resonants. Journal of Phonetics 36(3), 492 – 507. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2007.10.005. (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B., K. Jóhannsdóttir, D. Gibraiel and J. Muehlbauer. Tactile enhancement of auditory and visual speech perception in untrained perceivers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123(4), EL72 – 76. 2008. doi: 10.1121/1.2884349. (publisher’s article) (PMC full text)*

Gick, B., M. Bernhardt, P. Bacsfalvi and I. Wilson. Ultrasound imaging applications in second language acquisition. In J. Hansen & M. Zampini (eds.) Phonology and Second Language Acquisition. Ch. 11, pp. 309 – 322. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 2008. doi: 10.1075/sibil.36.15gic. (publisher’s article information)*

Gick, B., P. Bacsfalvi, B. M. Bernhardt, S. Oh, S. Stolar and I. Wilson. A Motor Differentiation Model for Liquid Substitutions: English /r/ Variants in Normal and Disordered Acquisition. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Vol. 1, 060003: 1-9. 2008.
(publisher’s abstract)(full text PDF)*

Gick, B. and Y. Ikegami. The temporal window of audio-tactile integration in speech perception. Canadian Acoustics. 36(3). 146-147. 2008. (publisher’s abstract)(publisher’s full text)

Derrick, D. and B. Gick. Quantitative analysis of subphonemic flap/tap variation in North American English. Canadian Acoustics. 36(3). 162-163. 2008. (publisher’s abstract)(publisher’s full text)

Yeung, H., M. Scott, B. Gick and J. Werker. Articulatory gestures influence the perception of speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 124(4), Pt.2: 2439. 2008. (publisher’s abstract)

2007

Adler-Bock, M., M. Bernhardt, B. Gick & P. Bacsfalvi. The use of ultrasound in remediation of English /r/ in two adolescents. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 16, 128 – 139. 2007. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/017) (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract)*

Bacsfalvi, P., B. Bernhardt and B. Gick. Electropalatography and ultrasound in vowel remediation for adolescents with hearing impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology. 9(1), 36 – 45. 2007. doi: 10.1080/14417040601101037 (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B. A motor differentiation model for liquid substitutions in children’s speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 121(5), Pt.2: 3168. 2007. (publisher’s abstract)

2006

Gick, B., D. Pulleyblank, F. Campbell and P. Mutaka. Low vowels and transparency in Kinande vowel harmony. Phonology. 23(1), 1-20. 2006. doi: 10.1017/S0952675706000741 (publisher’s abstract) *

Gick, B., F. Campbell, S. Oh and L. Tamburri-Watt. Toward universals in the gestural organization of syllables: A cross-linguistic study of liquids. Journal of Phonetics. 34:1, 49-72. 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2005.03.005 (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B. and I. Wilson. Excrescent schwa and vowel laxing: Cross-linguistic responses to conflicting articulatory targets. In L. Goldstein, D. H. Whalen & C. T. Best (eds.) Papers in Laboratory Phonology VIII: Varieties of Phonological Competence. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 635 – 660. 2006. (publisher’s book information)*

Wilson, I. and B. Gick. Ultrasound technology and second language acquisition research. In Proceedings of the 8th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2006), ed. Mary Grantham O’Brien, Christine Shea, and John Archibald, 148-152. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. 2006. (full text PDF) *

Oh, S. and B. Gick. Speech production of English /l/ and /r/ in children. In Proceedings of the 9th Western Pacific Acoustics Conference. The Acoustical Society of Korea. Seoul, Korea. 530-537. 2006. *

Gick, B., K. Michelson and B. Radanov. Articulation without acoustics: A case study of Oneida utterance-final forms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 120(5), Pt.2: 3377. 2006. (publisher’s abstract)

Wilson, I. and Gick, B. Articulatory settings of French and English monolinguals and bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 120(5), Pt.2: 3295-3296. 2006. (publisher’s abstract)

Gick, B. Errors and strategy shifts in speech production indicate multiple levels of representation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(5), Pt.2: 3302. 2006. (publisher’s abstract)

2005

Bernhardt, B., P. Bacsfalvi, B. Gick, B. Radanov and R. Williams. Exploring the use of electropalatography and ultrasound in speech habilitation. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 29(4), 169 – 182. 2005. (publisher’s abstract) (publisher’s article)*

Bird, S. and B. Gick. Phonetics: Field methods. In K. Brown (ed.) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed. Vol 9. Oxford: Elsevier Press. 2005. ISBN: 978-0-08-044854-1 (publisher’s page)*

Gick, B., S. Bird and I. Wilson. Techniques for field application of lingual ultrasound imaging. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 19(6/7), 503 – 514. 2005. doi: 10.1080/02699200500113590. (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract) (full text – authors’ accepted manuscript NOTICE: this is the authors’ version of a work that was accepted for publication in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 19(6/7), (2005))*

Bernhardt, B., B. Gick, P. Bacsfalvi and M. Adler-Bock. Ultrasound in speech therapy with adolescents and adults. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 19(6/7), 605 – 617. 2005. doi: 10.1080/02699200500114028. (publisher’s abstract)(full text PDF download)*

Shi, R., B. Gick, D. Kanwischer and I. Wilson. Frequency and category factors in the reduction and assimilation of function words: EPG and acoustic measures. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 34(4), 341 – 364. 2005. doi: 10.1007/s10936-005-6138-4 (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract)*

Derrick, D. and B. Gick, Production quality of /r/ and /l/ liquids among Cantonese and Mandarin ESL learners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2605. 2005. (published abstract)

Wilson, I., B. Gick and E. Vatikiotis-Bateson. Articulatory settings of French-English bilingual speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2426. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Gick, B., D. Pulleyblank, N. Mutaka and F. Campbell. Low vowels and transparency in Kinande vowel harmony. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2460. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Oh, S. and B. Gick. Articulatory and acoustic characteristics of English /l/ in children’s speech production. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2575. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Ikegami, Y., D. Gibraiel, B. Gick and K. Johannsdottir. Haptic-auditory interference from air flow in speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2570-2571. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Gibraiel, D., B. Gick, Y. Ikegami, K. Johannsdottir and J. Muehlbauer. Enhancement of visual perception of speech via tactile input. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2569. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Yeung, H. H., B. Gick and J. Werker. Articulatory influences on the categorization of speech sounds. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2569. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Vogt, F., O. Guenther, A. Hannam, K. van den Doel, J. Lloyd, L. Vilhan, R. Chander, J. Lam, C. Wilson, K. Tait, D. Derrick, I. Wilson, C. Jaeger, B. Gick, E. Vatikiotis-Bateson and S. Fels. ArtiSynth: designing a modular 3D articulatory speech synthesizer. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2542. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Adler-Bock, M., B. Bernhardt, P. Bacsfalvi and B. Gick. Perceptual, acoustic, and tongue shape measures during /r/ production pre- and post-treatment using visual feedback from ultrasound: case studies of two adolescents. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2605. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Johannsdottir, K., D. Gibrail, B. Gick, Y. Ikegami and J. Muehlbauer. Haptic information enhances auditory speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2621. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Deng, H., R. K. Ward, M. P. Beddoes, M. Hodgson and B. Gick. Glottal-wave and vocal-tract-area-function estimations from vowel sounds based on realistic assumptions and models. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2619. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

Whalen, D. H., L. Oliveira and B. Gick Pharynx depth and tongue height in relationship to intrinsic F0 of vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(4), Pt.2: 2619. 2005. (publisher’s abstract)

2004

Gick, B., I. Wilson, K. Koch, and C. Cook. Language-Specific Articulatory Settings: Evidence from Inter-Utterance Rest Position. Phonetica 61(4), 220 – 233. 2004. doi: 10.1159/000084159 (publisher’s abstract)*

Gick, B., B. Bernhardt and P. Bacsfalvi. Intrinsic fundamental frequency effects in hearing impaired speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 115(5), Pt. 2: 2611. 2004.

Yamane-Tanaka, N., B. Gick and S. Bird. Bimodal schwa: Evidence from acoustic measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 115(5), Pt. 2: 2542. 2004.

2003

Gick, B. Articulatory correlates of ambisyllabicity in English glides and liquids. In J. Local, R. Ogden and R. Temple (eds.) Papers in Laboratory Phonology VI: Constraints on Phonetic Interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 222-236. 2003. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486425.013 (publisher’s book information) (full text – author’s accepted manuscript NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication.)*

Bernhardt, B., B. Gick, P. Bacsfalvi and J. Ashdown. Speech habilitation of hard of hearing adolescents using electropalatography and ultrasound as evaluated by trained listeners. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 17(3), 199 – 216. 2003. doi: 10.1080/0269920031000071451 (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract)*

Gick, B., K. Iskarous, D. H. Whalen and L. Goldstein. Constraints on variation in the production of English /r/. In S. Palethorpe & M. Tabain (eds) Proceedings of the International Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP6), Manly, Australia. Sydney: MacQuarie University. 73-78. 2003. (full text PDF download)*

Fels, S., F. Vogt, B. Gick, C. Jaeger, and I. Wilson. User-centred Design for an Open-source 3-D Articulatory Synthesizer. In Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 179-184. 2003. (full text PDF download) *

Gick, B. and F. Campbell. Intergestural timing in English /r/. In Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 1911-1914. 2003. (full text PDF download)*

Brown, J. C. and B. Gick. The effect of physical constraints on articulatory variability in English /r/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 113(5), Pt.2: 2258. 2003. (publisher’s abstract) *

Vogt, F., S. Fels, B. Gick, C. Jaeger and I. Wilson. Extensible infrastructure for a three-dimensional face and vocal-tract model. In M. J. Solé, D. Recasens & J. Romero (eds) Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 2345-2348. 2003. (full text PDF download)

Gick, B. and C. Cook. Language-specific vocal tract configurations during non-speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 113(5), Pt.2: 2257. 2003. (publisher’s abstract)

Campbell, F. and B. Gick. A labial gesture for /l/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 113(5), Pt.2: 2257. 2003. (publisher’s abstract)

2002

Gick, B. The use of ultrasound for linguistic phonetic fieldwork. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, 1131 – 22. 2002. doi: 10.1017/S0025100302001007 (publisher’s abstract) (author’s accepted manuscript NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of the International Phonetic Association. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of the International Phonetic Association, (2002))*

Gick, B. The American intrusive /l/. American Speech 77(2), 167 – 83. 2002. doi:10.1215/00031283-77-2-167. (publisher’s article information)*

Gick, B. An X-ray investigation of pharyngeal constriction in American English schwa. Phonetica, 59, 38-48. 2002. doi: 10.1159/000056204 (publisher’s abstract) (PMC abstract)*

Oh, S. and B. Gick. An ultrasound study of articulatory gestures of Korean /l/. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Speech Sciences. Seoul, Korea. 2002. *

Gick, B. and L. Goldstein. Relative timing of the three gestures of North American English /r/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111(5), Pt. 2: 2481. 2002. (published abstract)

Gick, B. Exercises in ‘absurdity’: Interactions between flapping and tongue position in American English with implications for speech motor planning. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112(5), Pt.2: 2416. 2002. (publisher’s abstract)

2001

Gick, B., A. Min Kang and D. H. Whalen. MRI evidence for commonality in the post-oral articulations of English vowels and liquids. Journal of Phonetics 30, 357 – 371. 2002. doi: 10.1006/jpho.2001.0161 (publisher’s abstract)

Downing L. J. and Gick, B. Voiceless Tone Depressors in Nambya and Botswana Kalang’a. In Proceedings of the 27th meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. 1-11. 2001. (full text PDF download) *

Gick, B. and I. Wilson. Pre-liquid excrescent schwa: What happens when vocalic targets conflict. In P. Dalsgaard, B. Lindberg and H. Benner (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2001), 273-276. Aalborg, Denmark: Center for Personkommunikation. September 2001. (full text PDF download) *

Gick, B., F. Campbell and S. Oh. A cross-linguistic study of articulatory timing in liquids. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110(5), Pt. 2: 2656. 2001.

Whalen, D. H. and B. Gick. Intrinsic F0 and pharyngeal width in ATR languages. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110(5), Pt. 2: 2761. 2001.

Kanwischer, D., B. Gick, R. Shi and I. Wilson. Frequency and category factors in the reduction and assimilation of function words. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110(5), Pt. 2: 2738. 2001.

2000

Gick, B., A. M. Kang and D. H. Whalen. MRI and X-ray evidence for commonality in the dorsal articulations of English vowels and liquids. In Proceedings of the 5th Seminar on Speech Production: Models and Data. Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. 69-72. 2000. *

Shank, S. & I. Wilson. Acoustic evidence for /backwards glottal stop/ as a glottalized pharyngeal glide in Nuu-chah-nulth.UBC Working Papers in Linguistics, 3, 185-197. 2000. (full text PDF download)

Shank, S. & I. Wilson. An acoustic analysis of vowel formants in pharyngeal and glottal contexts in Nuu-chah-nulth.University of Washington Working Papers in Linguistics, 19, 75-84. 2000. (full text PDF download)

Gick, B. An EPG study of allophonic variation in the gestural magnitude of English lingual consonants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108(5), Pt. 2: 2509. 2000.

1999

Gick, B. A gesture-based account of intrusive consonants in English. Phonology, 16(1), 29 – 54. 1999. (publisher’s abstract) (publisher’s article) (backup copy) *

Whalen, D. H., B. Gick, M. Kumada and K. Honda. Cricothyroid activity in high and low vowels: Exploring the automaticity of intrinsic F0. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 125 – 142. 1999. doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0091 (publisher’s abstract) *

Gick, B. The Organization of Segment-Internal Gestures. In Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. J. J. Ohala, Y. Hasegawa, M. Ohala, D. Granville, & A. C. Bailey (Eds.). Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. 1789-1792. 1999. (full text PDF download)*

Whalen, D. H., B. Gick, and P. S. LeSourd. Intrinsic F0 in Passamaquoddy vowels. In D. H. Pentland (Ed.), Papers from the 30th Algonquian conference (pp. 417-428). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. 417-428. 1999. (full text PDF download) *

Gick, B., A. M. Kang and D. H. Whalen. Commonality in the dorsal articulations of English vowels and liquids. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106(4), Pt. 2: 2243. 1999. (publisher’s abstract)

Whalen, D. H., B. Gick and A. Löfqvist. Effects of lip protrusion on measurements of lip aperture. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105(2), Pt. 2: 1355. 1999. (publisher’s abstract)

1998

Whalen, D. H., B. Gick, M. Kumada and K. Honda. EMG evidence for the automaticity of intrinsic F0 of vowels. In P. A. Kuhl & A. Crum (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Acoustics and 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. New York: American Physical Society. Vol. 4: 2951-1952. 1998.

1997

Gick, B. Resyllabification evidence for diphthongal offglides as coda consonants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102(5), Pt. 2: 3204. 1997.